Operational
efficiency of a coal preparation plant plays a vital role in the
profitability of mining operations. Coal preparation is a series of
operations that are interconnected through a material handling
system. The material handling system is a part of the slurry
transport system. Actual cleaning processes lies in the heart of the
coal preparation processes.
Coal
preparation begins with procurement of raw coal and producing a final
product that can be sold into the market by removing the impurities.
Most commonly coal preparation, is carried out in water based
processes and makes high use of slurry transport procedures and
principles. It is considered as processing of raw coal to produce
products that are marketable and do not hamper the physical and
chemical properties of the coal. It is a heterogeneous material which
is made up of different types of coal and varies with quantity of
mineral matter. After mining, it generally contains all the layers of
coal and impurities that are found in the seam. In a preparation
plant, crushing and removing of all the impurities takes place in
order to transport coal as a marketable product.
Four
basic types of operations are used in cleaning of coal such as
comminution, concentration, dewatering and sizing. Comminution is
carried out to reduce the coal into smaller size. Depending on the
various sizes involved, the coal is crushed and broken. Breaking is
generally carried out on the largest coal size, crushing is used for
mid ranges sizes and grinding is carried out for finest sizes.
Grinding is done prior to utilization process. Coal preparation
facilities have different size ranges for similar types of coals.
Sizing is carried to separate the coal into various products
characterized according to the size. Concentration is used for
separating the coal into numerous products that are characterized by
some type of physical differences. It is the heart of coal
preparation process, where actual cleaning takes place and impurities
are then separated from coal. They are generally accomplished in
dense medium vessels, jigs and water only cyclones. It can also be
accomplished for other type of unit operations such as sulfur removal
by crushing process to liberate the sulfur particles. Further,
screening or classifying is carried out to achieve separation.
Dewatering
takes place to remove the moisture that clings to the coal. A finer
type of coal has large surface area and high moisture content.
Dewatering is generally carried out by mechanical methods, and is
conducted for generating a damp type cake. If further dewatering is
required then dryers are used for evaporation. Thermal dryers
generate large amount of dust that is easily scrubbed off from air
and is then generally disposed. A common type of byproduct for
dewatering is removal of super fine type coal, in which high content
of ash is found along with traces of sulfur and surface moisture.
This process is also known as desliming.
Coal
preparation processes takes place in to types: firstly, those takes
place in water medium and secondly, those takes place in a mixture of
water and high gravity material such as magnetite.
Stringent
government rules and regulation and environmental norms are some of
the key drivers of the coal preparation plant market. However, high
storage and transportation costs can hamper the growth of the market.
Advancements in technology bring new opportunities for the coal
preparation plant market.
Some
of the key companies in the business of coal preparation plant market
are Mongolian Mining Corporation, Zenith Mining and Construction
Machinery Co. Ltd., SGS Group management S.A., Green Fields Coal
Company and Roberts & Schaefer Company among others.
Enquiry
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