Report on Natural Gas Market - Global Forecast and Industry Outlook, 2014 – 2020

From deep wells in the earth’s surface, companies extract hydrocarbons comprising predominantly of methane mixtures, which is then processed and refined into pure methane and transported as pipeline quality gas to be distributed in households, commercial establishments, and industry as a fuel. These reserves come from reservoirs comprising crude oils, water carbon dioxide and other non-commercial substances. Pure methane is extracted from the materials and is transferred through local and long-distance pipelines for delivery to various customers.

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Natural gas marketing can be defined as selling of natural gas. In simple terms, it is referred as the process of coordinating at numerous levels, the business of extracting natural gas from the wellhead to the end users. The role of marketers is very crucial and is not confined at a single place in the entire natural gas chain. Marketers can be affiliates of production companies and local utility players in the natural gas industry. It is the duty of natural gas marketers to ensure that an unbiased market prevails for natural gas. Marketing of natural gas comprises of all the intermediate steps that a particular purchase requires comprising accounting, transportation arrangement, storage and sale of natural gas.

Natural gas prices are set through market forces, the buying and selling of the commodity by market players is based on the demand and supply that helps in determining the average price of natural gas. There are two separate markets for natural gas, the spot market and the future market. Spot market is the daily market, where natural gas is traded and is bought and sold. To know the exact price of natural gas on a particular day the spot market price is the most informative. The future market comprises of trading of natural gas under contract of atleast one month and can go up to 36 months.

Natural gas futures are traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Futures contracts are one of an increasing number of derivative contracts used in commodities markets and can be quite complex and difficult to understand.

Natural gas is traded and priced at various locations throughout the country. These locations are called as market hubs and exist across the country. There are more than 20 major market hubs present in the U.S., the major one is called as the Henry Hub, in Louisiana. The futures contracts are traded on the NYMEX are Henry Hub contracts.

Primarily types of natural gas trading exist: financial trading and physical trading. Physical trading is the basic type, which includes buying and selling of the physical commodity. Financial trading includes derivatives and sophisticated financial instruments in which no one ie the buyer and seller never takes the delivery of the commodity.

Emerging economies, increasing investments and growing populations are some of the key drivers of the natural gas market. However, ongoing geopolitical activities in various countries can hamper the growth of natural gas market. Ample opportunities are there for natural gas market as demand for energy in increasing at a healthy rate in Asia Pacific countries especially in India and China.

Some of the key companies in the business of natural gas are Piedmont Natural Gas, Gas South, LLC., CenterPoint Energy, Georgia Natural Gas, Oklahoma Natural Gas, Atmos Energy Corporation and GAIL(India) Ltd. among others.

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The Unconventional Guide Wind Turbine Rotor Blade Market

In the present scenario, minimum dependency on fossil fuels is the prime objective for the entire world, since these energy sources are limited and are declining at a rapid rate. This has diverted the focus of various countries on a reliable energy supply. To achieve the set objective, the renewable energy production throughout the world must be drastically increased. Thus wind energy is prominent and best solution for the production of energy across the globe. The wind energy is produced with the help of wind turbines. Wind speed is considered to increase with the help of the continuity principle. This can be attained by the installation and expansion of many on-shore and off-shore wind parks built with the help of wind turbines.

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Wind turbines come in various configurations and sizes, and are built from wide range of materials. In other terms, a wind turbine comprises of a rotor that has wing shaped blades linked to a hub, a nacelle that contains a drive train comprising of a connecting shafts, gearbox, generator, support bearings, tower and various electrical equipments. The turbine blades play a crucial role in the wind turbines. Blades are needed to protect an optimum cross section for aerodynamic efficiency to produce the maximum torque to propel the generators. The efficiency of the wind turbine is directly dependent on the material of the blade, angle and shape of the blade. Hence, the material of the turbine blade is very important in wind turbines. Blade material possesses high stiffness, long fatigue life features and low density.

Wing shaped blades on the rotor harvest the energy in the wind stream. The rotor transforms the kinetic energy of the wind to rotational energy transmitted with the help of drive train to the generator. Generated electricity can be directly connected from the feed to the utility grid. The cost and weight of the turbine are some of the key points for making wind energy competitive with various other power sources. The real opportunity today is through better and low cost materials, while ensuring that reliability is maintained.

Components of the turbines are changing drastically as technology continuously improves and evolves. There is a direct trend towards light weight systems. Low cost materials and light weight are key important factors of blades and towers. Firstly, the weight of the rotor and blades is multiplied to get the exact weight.

Blades are generally made of GRP, which is expected to continue in the future as well, while use of CFRP may help to cut down weight and cost up to some extent. Reliability and low cost are some of the primary drivers for the material selection. Increasing in offshore applications may offset this trend in favor of the use of composites.

Growing population and emerging economies are some of the key drivers of the wind turbine rotor blade market. However, high cost required for the maintenance of the wind turbine rotor blade can hamper the growth of the market. Huge opportunities are there for wind turbine rotor blade market as demand for electricity is increasing at a healthy rate in Asia Pacific countries especially in India and China.

Some of the key companies in the business of wind turbine rotor blades are Kemrock Industries And Exports Limited, TANG ENERGY, SGS SA, Moog Inc., LM Wind Power Group, Blade Dynamics, Siemens AG among others.

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